Pharmacology Proctored ATI Practice Exam

What is the first action the nurse should take if a client receiving an injection of penicillin G procaine begins to experience dyspnea and tongue swelling?

1. Administer epinephrine subcutaneously

2. Call for a crash cart

3. Administer diphenhydramine intravenously

4. Give oxygen therapy

The correct answer is: Administer epinephrine subcutaneously

When a client receiving an injection of penicillin G procaine begins to experience symptoms of an allergic reaction such as dyspnea (difficulty breathing) and tongue swelling, the priority action for the nurse to take is to administer epinephrine subcutaneously. Epinephrine is the drug of choice for treating anaphylaxis, a severe allergic reaction that can lead to life-threatening symptoms. It works quickly to reverse the allergic response by constricting blood vessels, relaxing bronchial smooth muscle, and increasing the heart rate. Prompt administration of epinephrine can be life-saving in such situations. Calling for a crash cart may be necessary if the client's condition deteriorates and advanced life support measures are needed, but administering epinephrine takes precedence as the initial intervention. Administering diphenhydramine intravenously can help with allergic reactions, but it is not the first-line treatment for anaphylaxis. Oxygen therapy can also be beneficial in supporting respiratory function, but again, administering epinephrine is the priority in this scenario.